Mali's Government to Sign Peace Deal without Rebels
Mali gathered regional heads-of-state, government officials and armed groups on Friday for a largely ceremonial signing of a peace accord expected to go ahead without the main Tuareg-led rebel alliance.
The Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) initialed the document in Algiers on Thursday but has demanded concessions and says it will not attend Friday's ceremony in the Malian capital Bamako to rubber-stamp the deal.
The Algiers Accord aims to bring stability to the north, the cradle of several Tuareg uprisings since Mali gained independence in 1960, and more recently a stronghold for al-Qaida-linked jihadists who have been regrouping since they were ousted by the French in 2013.
The international community has been increasing pressure on the CMA to get on board the peace process as a means of isolating the jihadists, particularly since an Islamist attack on March 7 in Bamako in which two Europeans died.
Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, who chairs the African Union, arrived in Bamako on Friday morning and was followed by heads of government and state from across the region.
The ceremony -- which follows months of U.N.-backed negotiations -- is going ahead against the odds amid repeated recent violations of a ceasefire deal agreed between the army and various pro-government and rebel militias.
But it will be largely devoid of substance without the CMA, a coalition of five rebel groups which has called for further negotiations.
"Today is a very important step. It's true we would have liked the presence of everyone, but it is important that the process moves forward," said French development minister Annick Girardin
"The development of Mali can only be achieved in peace. Without peace, there can be no development. And France, Mali's friend, will always be at its side to achieve this."
The international community had attempted to persuade at least some rebel groups within the CMA to sign the accord but the alliance was expected to present a united front in boycotting the ceremony.
Federica Mogherini, the chief diplomat of the European Union, downplayed their absence, arguing that the signature "by most stakeholders is a decisive step" and urging those not present to sign up as soon as possible.
Algerian Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra, whose government has sponsored the peace process, said after the deal was initialed on Thursday that it was a case of "mission accomplished but not over".
He said he was "aware that the situation on the ground does not lead to optimism but it requires international mediation to appeal to everyone's sense of responsibility".
He added that he had received a message from Malian President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita who he said was "reaching out (to the rebels) and is ready discuss with them at any time the future of the country, the future of the northern regions and the rigorous implementation of the agreement".
"Initialing is a sign of good faith to move towards a final, comprehensive and lasting solution but further adjustments are needed before signing," rebel representative Almou Ag Mohamed added.
Another CMA leader, Sidi Brahim Oud Sidat, said there would be further negotiations on the alliance's political and security demands.
"Once these requests are met, we will sign the agreement," he said.
Mali was shaken by a coup in 2012 which cleared the way for Tuareg separatists to seize the towns and cities of the vast northern desert.
Militants linked to Al-Qaida then overpowered the Tuareg to take control of northern Mali for nearly 10 months, imposing a brutal interpretation of Islamic law with punitive amputations and executions.
A French-led military offensive ousted the militants but the country remains deeply divided, with the Tuareg and Arab populations of the north accusing sub-Saharan ethnic groups in the more prosperous south of marginalizing them.
Northern Mali has seen an upsurge in attacks by pro-government militias and various factions of the Tuareg-led rebellion, leaving many dead on both sides.
The Algiers Accord calls for the creation of elected regional assemblies but not autonomy or federalism, in deference to the concerns of the government about separatism.
The CMA has said it will not accept a deal without an amendment recognizing "Azawad", the name used by the Tuareg for the northern part of Mali, as a "geographic, political and juridical entity".
Source: Agence France Presse
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