China Strongly Condemns U.S.-Taiwan Arms Deal

China expressed "great indignation" Thursday over a $5.85 billion U.S. deal to upgrade Taiwan's fleet of F-16 fighter jets, summoning the U.S. ambassador and warning the move would undermine relations.

China, which claims Taiwan as part of its territory, urged the United States to cancel the deal and said it had jeopardized recent improvements in military ties between the two world powers and affected relations with Taiwan.

But analysts said the deal, which stopped short of selling new planes to Taiwan, would probably not be as damaging as an earlier arms package that led to a break in China-U.S. military exchanges in 2010.

"The Chinese military expresses great indignation and strong condemnation," the defense ministry said in a strongly-worded statement, announcing it had called in the acting U.S. military attache for talks.

"U.S. actions... have caused serious damage to Sino-U.S. military relations, and have seriously undermined the good momentum of the peaceful development of cross-strait relations."

Vice foreign minister Zhang Zhijun urged Washington to "seriously treat the solemn stance of China, honor its commitment and immediately cancel the wrong decision."

China's foreign ministry summoned U.S. Ambassador Gary Locke late Wednesday to protest at the deal, branded a "huge mistake" by China's top newspaper.

"If American politicians feel that the United States can... irresponsibly and randomly damage China's core interests without paying the price, this is a major and huge mistake," the People's Daily said in an editorial.

"We strongly urge the United States to take stock of the situation and correct their error on the issue of Taiwan arms sales policies and practices," said the daily, considered the mouthpiece of China's Communist Party.

But Jean-Pierre Cabestan, political science professor at Hong Kong Baptist University, said Beijing had learned lessons from the 2010 break-off in military ties and was unlikely to react as strongly this time.

"They are going to react, to get angry, and the military may take measures to better counter these retrofitted F-16s, but they will not break military ties with the United States like they did before," he told Agence France Presse.

"They're (China) in a new phase -- more flexible and accommodating, and with the Taiwanese electoral factor, it reduces their room for maneuver a lot and it will force them not to over-react on this."

Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou of the Beijing-friendly Kuomintang will seek re-election in January and Cabestan said China would be keen not to cause any upsets ahead of the polls.

Russell Leigh Moses, a Beijing-based political analyst, said China's reaction was an exercise in "how to avoid slamming the door while shouting".

"I think that Beijing's outrage has multiple audiences, in particular those at home on the mainland and in Taiwan," he said.

"There are ways in which they could have said hardly anything, but the consensus clearly was -- we'll go into the default mode of being pretty upset and angry, but not like it was a year ago," he added.

Washington recognizes Beijing rather than Taipei, but remains a leading arms supplier to the island of 23 million inhabitants, providing a source of continued U.S.-China tension.

Taiwan first lodged a request to buy 66 F-16 C/D fighters -- which have better radar and more powerful weapons systems than its F-16 A/Bs -- in 2007 in response to China's growing military muscle.

The deal to upgrade the existing fleet includes equipment, parts, training and logistical support, but stops short of selling new planes and is seen by some observers in Taiwan as a consolation prize.

Ties between China and Taiwan have improved since Ma came to power in 2008 on promises of ramping up trade links and allowing in more mainland tourists.

But Beijing has refused to renounce the use of force against the island, even though it has ruled itself for more than six decades since their split in 1949 at the end of a civil war.