France Opens Probe into Assad Regime for Crimes against Humanity

France has launched an inquiry into Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime for alleged crimes against humanity, saying it was forced to act in the face of "systematic cruelty".

The announcement Wednesday came after world powers sparred at the United Nations over the embattled Syrian leader's fate.

A judicial source told AFP that prosecutors in Paris, with the backing of the foreign ministry, had opened a preliminary inquiry on September 15 into alleged crimes committed by the Syrian government between 2011 and 2013.

The French investigation is largely based on evidence from a former Syrian army photographer known by the codename "Caesar" who fled the country in 2013, taking with him some 55,000 graphic photographs. He now lives in France under tight security.

Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said France had a "responsibility" to take action.

"Faced with these crimes that offend the human conscience, this bureaucracy of horror, faced with this denial of the values of humanity, it is our responsibility to act against the impunity of the killers," Fabius said in a statement.

He said the "thousands of unbearable photos, authenticated by many experts, which show corpses tortured and starved to death in the prisons of the regime, demonstrate the systematic cruelty of the Assad regime".

The inquiry will be led by France's war crimes body.

The judicial source said the term "crimes against humanity" was used to include kidnappings and torture by the regime in the probe.

The Paris-based International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) welcomed the announcement, saying the investigation was "a world first".

While Assad is unlikely to ever stand trial in a French court, the inquiry could add to political pressure on the Syrian leader in the midst of a diplomatic row between the West and Russia and Iran over his fate.

The Syrian conflict has taken center stage at the U.N. General Assembly in New York, where U.S. President Barack Obama and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin clashed over how to bring an end to Syria's civil war.

On Tuesday, Obama said removing Assad was a vital step to defeating Islamic State jihadists who have taken advantage of the chaos in Syria to bring large parts of the country and neighboring Iraq under its rule.

French President Francois Hollande echoed Obama's call in his U.N. speech, but Putin -- a long-time Assad ally -- dismissed their pleas, saying they "should not be involved in choosing the leadership of another country".

Syria's four-year war has killed more than 240,000 people and Western diplomats have accused Assad's regime of killing more of their own people than the Islamic State group by dropping barrel bombs -- charges the government denies.

The brutal conflict has also displaced millions of people, a key driver behind Europe's refugee crisis.

The photographs that Caesar brought out of Syria show people with their eyes gouged out, emaciated bodies, people with wounds on the back or stomach, and also a picture of hundreds of corpses lying in a shed surrounded by plastic bags used for burials.

Entitled "Assad's secret killings," the dossier is being used by international bodies including the U.N. as part of an investigation into the regime's role in "mass torture".

The Syrian government has branded the report "political".

Ceasar said in an interview with French magazine L'Obs released Wednesday that he wanted to "show the real face of Bashar Assad -- that of a dictator who has caused a lot of blood to flow".

Fabius said the opening of the French probe should not prevent the United Nations and particularly its International Commission of Inquiry on Syria to press on with their own investigations.