Panic and Blame as Cape Town Braces for Water Shut-Off

For some residents of drought-stricken Cape Town, the prospect of the taps running dry is almost too much to bear.

For others, the thought of queuing under the scorching summer sun for a meager daily water ration will be a necessary evil to keep their businesses solvent.

But the day, currently forecast for April 12, has been creeping closer -- brought forward by the city's excessive consumption despite repeated public warnings from increasingly panicked officials.

On "Day Zero", as it is called, the ordinary water supply will be shut down and taps will run dry.

Residents of the city of four million will then be forced to collect a daily water ration of just 25 liters (6.6 U.S. gallons) from 200 water collection points -- not even enough for a two-minute shower in normal times.

With about 5,000 families for each water collection point, the police and army are ready to be deployed to prevent unrest in the lines.

Farrel Cohen, manager of the Metropolitan Golf Club in Mouille Point close to the city's World Cup stadium, said he was "too afraid to even think about" what "Day Zero" would mean for Cape Town. 

"Nobody knows what to expect -- people are running to supermarkets to buy water," he told AFP.

The central business district will likely be spared a total shut-off to protect the economy.

But the full impact of a major global city losing its piped potable water supply is unknown.

Reservoirs around Cape Town, in the grip of its worst drought for a century, have gone largely unreplenished for more than three years in the absence of significant rainfall and are about to run dry. 

Residents are now ordered to use just 87 liters daily -- falling to 50 liters on February 1 -- to conserve supply.

A typical shower uses 15 liters per minute while a standard toilet consumes up to 15 liters per flush, according to WaterWise, a South African water usage awareness campaign.  

- 'Canceled trips' -

Cohen, whose fairways have suffered from the water restrictions, said that the realities of life after "Day Zero" were hard to understand.

"We haven't been notified, it's a bit of an unknown," he said.

Businesses are feeling the pinch too.

As well as having to contend with costly limits on their water use, tourists from home and abroad have been deterred from visiting South Africa's "Mother City".

"I know many overseas visitors who canceled their trips because of the conditions," said Cohen. 

The city has nearly halved its consumption from an estimated 1.1 billion liters a day in 2016 to 586 million liters daily now.

But every day that Capetonians use more than 500 million liters brings "Day Zero" forward.

And the fall in consumption is hurting the city in other ways with lost revenues from water bills putting pressure on Cape Town's coffers.

Nikita Elliott, the manager of the "Cape to Cuba" waterfront restaurant in Kalk Bay -- a tourist hotspot outside the city center -- is plotting how to keep the business going using only water from standpipes.

"It will be a major extra task and I also think it will be very costly -- but business is business, we'll have to do what we can to stay afloat," she said.

- 'Arrogant and shortsighted' -

The restaurant has stopped serving tap water and instead offers bottled water from Durban on the opposite coast.

It has also erected signs encouraging guests to only flush solids, installed a blockage alarm to prevent burst pipes and now washes dishes by hand rather than machine.

"We've gone all the way," said Elliott. "A lot of business owners and regular citizens have taken this into their own hands and are doing what they can."

Marna Esterhuizen, 40, says she wants the current daily individual limit slashed in half immediately to avoid the standpipe scenario.

"I also think the name-and-shame option isn't a bad idea. The water map shows what is happening in some of the wealthier neighborhoods and that disappoints me -- it is arrogant and shortsighted," she said referring to a council-published list of the thirstiest users.

"I miss a nice long shower in the morning, but now I have a timer in the shower to ensure it is only two minutes long."

But less than half of Capetonians are adhering to the current daily water usage limit.

"It is quite unbelievable that a majority of people do not seem to care and are sending all of us headlong towards 'Day Zero'," mayor Patricia de Lille said last week.

She slammed transgressors for "callous" behaviour and said "Day Zero" appeared "very likely."